Author: Revc, Golden Finance

Movement has attracted attention and discussion from the crypto community in the past week, mainly Focusing on the centralized listing of leading CEX, large airdrops and high market capitalization. Movement received a total of $41.4 million in investment from multiple institutions, including Polychain Capital and Hack VC, which increased market confidence in it, but also triggered FUD in the community, questioning the degree of decentralization of its token distribution. The Movement economics model shows that 22.5% of the total token supply will be allocated to early investors.

After the MOVE token was listed on major exchanges (OKX and Binance), liquidity and market attention increased significantly, and the token price rose to It was US$1.41 and is now back around US$0.67. The risk of price fluctuations brought about by early speculation appears.

The following is organized according to the Movement white paper. Readers can focus on the fast-final settlement mechanism (Fast-Finality Settlement.), which is different from the existing one in Ethereum L2. The expansion solution, FFS, can be roughly understood as skipping the existing L2 aggregation mechanism of ZK and OP, and creating a PoS smart contract on Ethereum L1 that can immediately confirm and broadcast L2 transactions. However, the white paper does not mention the verification system scalability issues faced by PoS smart contracts, especially as equity assets and verification addresses continue to increase, which still requires further explanation from the Movement team.

Movement Labs builds a modular chain network based on the Move programming language to improve the security, performance and user experience of Web3. Its first product is An Ethereum L2 that combines the Move language with Celestia's data availability services, enabling dApps in the Ethereum ecosystem to take advantage of Move. As the core of Move Stack Chains, it provides high throughput, fast transaction confirmation and high security for decentralized applications through modular architecture and efficient Move Virtual Machine (MoveVM), aiming to promote the performance and performance of blockchain applications. Scalable to support a wide range of application scenarios.

1. Move language and MoveVM

- Move language is a programming language specially designed for blockchain, focusing on security and efficiency.

Move language prevents common smart contract vulnerabilities, such as reentrancy attacks, through built-in resource type mechanisms and strict type checking. At the same time, the modular design and parallel execution capabilities of the Move language improve development efficiency and contract performance.

- MoveVM is a virtual machine for Move bytecode that supports parallel execution and provides high throughput and flexibility.

2. Move Stack

Move Stack is a tool for building Rollup based on Move Framework, containing the following modular components:

- Move executor: supports MoveVM and EVM bytecode to ensure seamless integration with Ethereum.

- Fast final settlement mechanism: a mechanism that combines Ethereum security with fast transaction confirmation times.

The modularity of the Move Rollup framework makes it possible to secure the chain through novel staking mechanisms. This staking mechanism provides fast finality and high economic security. Finality refers to the time it takes for a transaction to be confirmed and become virtually irreversible.

Before understanding the fast final settlement mechanism, let’s review Ethereum’s Proof of Stake (PoS) protocol. Verifiers must stake some assets (32 ETH) to obtain incentives. , to honestly prove the state of the state transition. Byzantine (malicious) validators bear the risk of having their stake slashed. On the Ethereum mainnet (L1), state transitions (creation of new blocks) are final once enough validator proofs are received. Sufficient staking is usually understood as 2/3 of the total staking of all validators – the vast majority. Therefore, assuming that less than 1/3 of the validators are malicious, if more than 2/3 of the validators have proven the state transition, it must be correct because at least one of the 2/3 validators is honest.

The security provided by the PoS mechanism is twofold:

- Liveness: To prevent the vast majority from proving correct state transitions, an adversary must control more than 1/3 of the validators. This is considered infeasible when the total stake in the system is large

- Security: In order to force an incorrect state transition (e.g. double spending), the attacker needs to control 2/3 of validators. This is also considered infeasible when the stake is large enough.

Ethereum’s security level increases with the total stake in the system. The higher the total stake, the more secure the network is. The level of security provided by the Ethereum network is often referred to as Ethereum security. Scenarios - Effectiveness (ZK Rollup) Summary and Optimism (Op Rollup) Summary, both in Section Settlement on layer 1, but using a different settlement mechanism. In ZK-rollup, settlement occurs when the ZK proof of the state transition is accepted. This is done by submitting verification transactions to the L1 validator contract. Since the verifier is implemented as a contract on L1, the security level of the verification phase is that of Ethereum assuming ZK. The proof system (proof generation and verifier contracts) is correct, and ZK proofs are accepted if and only if the state transition is correct

In optimistic rollups. , transaction finality is achieved at the end of the challenge period after committing data and state to layer 1. Security is conditional: if A settlement occurs when no dispute is successful at the end of the day. A dispute is a way for validators to challenge a state transition if they believe it was calculated incorrectly. A trusted dispute resolution mechanism resolves this. A challenge.

As mentioned above, validity (zero-knowledge proof, ZKP) and optimistic (fraud-proof, FP) rollup can be achieved in about 30 minutes and 1 respectively. Complete transactions with Ethereum security, however, there are limited guarantees of their validity and outcome (success or failure) before the transaction is completed. This can be a limiting factor for many types of DeFi applications. >

Fast final settlement provides security through a proof-of-stake (PoS) protocol. In the PoS protocol, validators stake some assets (for example, native L2 tokens) to incentivize them. They honestly prove L2 statusThe state of the transition. If they are dishonest, their stake may be slashed. A network of validators can provide fast and economically supported confirmation of correctly executed blocks.

When enough validators confirm the correctness of the state transition, the state transition is L2 final (irreversible) on Move Rollup using only fast final settlement ). For simplicity, assume all validators stake the same amount, enough means more than 2/3 of the validators. The entire equity value is called L2 equity.

Post-confirmation is an implementation of fast final settlement. Defined as confirmation on L1, distinct from L1 finalization. When the state has a commitment in the L1 block, the transaction is confirmed on L1. Post-confirmation not only guarantees that the transaction will be included, but also guarantees that the new block is correct. It is also not a replacement for complex execution ticket mechanisms, but reports on the correct execution of transactions within a block.

The post-confirmation mechanism is as follows:

- A group of verifiers pledge some assets in a trusted Ren's L1 contract StakingK.

- For a given state transition of a Move Rollup, the verifier broadcasts a proof of its signature (approval or rejection) while collecting signed proofs of others.

- When the proofs collected by the validators account for more than 2/3 of the total pledges, they will submit them to the contract StakingK.

- Contract StakingK verification proves whether the signature is valid, unique and accounts for more than 2/3 of the pledge. The state transition becomes the final state.

Dual finality

Fast Finality Settlement provides a fast and economically robust form of transaction finality, which can be further enhanced by combining it with the security guarantees of optimistic aggregation and ZK aggregation. By layering these methods, it is possible to provide a two-tier security model (i.e., dual finality) that leverages the best of both systems.

In this combined approach, fast finality settlement provides an economic security by staking validatorsThe level of finality supported ensures fast confirmation of transactions. The system can also invoke the traditional finality mechanism of optimistic rollups or ZK rollups, providing additional security benefits from the Ethereum mainnet.

This two-level finality model processes transaction data by quickly confirming the correctness of state transitions and a secondary finality mechanism (optimistic or ZK-rollup) to ensure Even if the fast finality mechanism is compromised, transactions still benefit from Ethereum’s strong security guarantees.

3. Modular architecture: Supports integration with multiple data availability services and sorters to meet diverse needs.

Move Arena

Move Arena is a complex infrastructure based on Move Stack Chains for Rollup Provides a unified platform, with functions including:

- Decentralized Shared Sorter (DSS): enables efficient cross-Rollup transaction sorting and communication.

-Multiple pledge mechanism: Reduce infrastructure needs and increase sovereignty by pooling the economic security of multiple chains.

1. High throughput and fast confirmation

MoveVM's parallel execution capabilities and fast final settlement mechanism ensure efficient transaction processing.

2. Security

With the security of Ethereum and the proof-of-stake (PoS) )'s economic incentive mechanism, Move Stack Chains provides a high degree of protection for user funds and smart contracts.

3. Interoperability

DSS promotes seamlessness between different Move Stack Chains Communication and asset transfer to build a unified ecosystem.

4. Flexibility

Move Stack’s modular design supports a high degree of customization for specific use cases, such as gaming, DeFi, asset tokenization, etc.

5. Developer-friendly

Move language provides developers with a simple and efficient programming experience , lowering the development threshold while strengthening security

Is it possible for Move to become a two-way liquidity transfer station between the Solidity system and the Move system?

According to Hack VC Lianchuang’s recent According to the statement, the design of Movement has the following value:

Developers can choose more secure development environments: new dApps can use the Move language directly on Ethereum L2 Build without dependencies Solidity, thereby avoiding common security vulnerabilities in Solidity and providing developers with a more secure development environment.

Advantages of migrating existing dApps: Originally running. dApps on the Sui or Aptos networks can easily migrate to Ethereum and enjoy Ethereum's greater liquidity and user base, thereby expanding their market.

Chain deployment expands user base: Move The developed dApp can be deployed across chains, which not only helps expand its user base, but also attracts more developers and applications to Sui and Aptos.

Promote the growth of the Move ecosystem: These factors jointly promote the development of the Move language developer ecosystem

The assumptions of the liquidity transfer station depend on the following two. Whether the requirement is established

1.Do Sui and Aptos need Movement as an intermediate bridge to attract the liquidity of the Ethereum ecosystem?

According to data from artemis, the Sui network has attractedThe net capital inflow attracted US$427 million, and it ranked third among all networks in the context of the bull market stablecoin issuance. The role of Movement is to open up a liquidity exchange that integrates Solidity and Move ecology in addition to cross-chain bridges. stack, but this depends on the success of the fast final settlement mechanism to become more attractive to the L2 ecosystem and projects.

2. Whether dApps in the Ethereum ecosystem need the MOVE language to enhance the security of contracts, this is actually a question of development culture or consensus.

Ethereum’s 2024 roadmap focuses on the application of account abstraction, modular architecture and zero-knowledge proofs to improve user experience and network performance. Optimize second-layer networks such as Optimism and Arbitrum to alleviate congestion on the main network and reduce transaction costs. Therefore, it is not clear whether the concept of enhancing contract security can be explained and recognized by the Ethereum ecosystem.

If the above two requirements are true, then Movement obviously has its special value. Otherwise, it can only build its own ecosystem from scratch like other L1 public chains. .

Move Stack Chains provides a new approach to breakthrough blockchain performance through modular design, fast final settlement, and Move Arena interoperability and scalability bottlenecks, and has become a springboard for Move projects to develop the Ethereum ecosystem, creating an efficient and secure ecosystem for developers and users.

In the distribution of Movement tokens, VCs account for too high a proportion, similar to how Ethena hedged ETH through Delta on a centralized exchange in order to expand the market share of the revenue-generating stablecoin USDe. Collateral is used to maintain stability, and excessive token shares are allocated to almost all mainstream CEX during the financing process, rather than Hypeliquid's development method that is separated from VC.

Many current Web3 projects will directionally introduce L1 labs, CEX and VC investments based on their own business design, in order to quickly gain market share and start from a commercial perspective. Perspective, this approach is non-committal, but may come at the expense of decentralization. In the world of Web3, decentralization is the most vital attribute of the project, as can be seen from BTC and Ethereum, and the "behavior of collecting and issuing coins" may have a negative impact on the long-term development of the project.