Author: OKG Research

Recently, OpenAI released a new model Sora. This is a high-performance text-to-multimodal generation tool that supports generating detailed images and dynamic videos from text.

Compared with the video sample released earlier, this feature can now be experienced by users. Registration has been suspended due to service overload. But judging from the clips selected on the official website, the accuracy of the images and videos it generates has been greatly improved. Some of them are even difficult to tell whether they were generated by AI. AI has become more concrete at this moment!

< em>Pic Source: OpenAI Official Page

However, with the rapid development of AI technology, the threshold for generating false content has been greatly lowered, further bringing More potential risks are coming: AI-generated face-changing videos, deepfakes, etc. are beginning to penetrate into daily life. Faced with this challenge, Web3 technology is bringing us new solutions.

Researchers from OpenAI, Harvard Society of Fellows, Microsoft, University of Oxford, a16z crypto and other companies released discussions on how to deal with this challenge The value of a new tool: “Personhood Credentials” (PHCs). This digital credential enables users to prove they are a real person without disclosing any personal information.

The proliferation of AI-generated content: a crisis of trust

AI-generated lifelike content (such as deepfakes), impersonation of others, and cheap Sybil attacks are threatening the authenticity and security of online interactions.

Traditional countermeasures, such as CAPTCHA or anomaly detection, can no longer keep up with the pace of complex AI, andStrict identity verification requires users to disclose personal information, compromising online privacy.

This dilemma has given rise to new demands for privacy protection and identity verification: how to both Protect user anonymity and effectively verify that online users are real humans and not false identities generated by AI?

Personhood Credentials (PHCs): a new generation of identity verification tools

《 The article "Personality Certificates: Artificial Intelligence and the Necessity of Privacy-Preserving Authenticity Verification Methods" proposes a highly potential solution:‍

Personality Certificates (PHCs) are digital credentials designed to enable users to prove to online services that they are real humans and not artificial intelligence (AI) without disclosing any personal information. These credentials can be issued by a variety of trusted authorities (such as Google or other organizations), can be localized or global, and do not need to be biometric-based.

Its appearance is expected to further cope with the widespread use of AI in the future. The information or services generated by AI can be reasonably distinguished and established through personality certification. A “quasi-household registration system” between AI and humans.

In the network environment, PHCs can realize real input and interaction of large-scale real users, avoid fake accounts pretending to be non-existent individuals, and prevent robots from coordinating attack bypasses. Platform rules, continued abuse of network services, indicate that authorized AI Agents are agents of trusted users, not malicious actors.

This will help reduce the proliferation of false information and identity fraud problems generated by AI, and ensure the credibility and security of the online ecosystem.

This solution does not need to rely on globally unified biometric verification, but can be issued locally by or other trusted institutions to adapt to different scenarios.

Pic Source: https://arxiv.org/ pdf/2408.07892

Technical implementation path of PHCs

Currently, the concept of PHCs is mainly based on anonymous credentials and "authentication" systems Long-term research. Although specific implementation plans are still under development, some related technologies have laid the foundation for the implementation of PHCs.

Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP): PHCs can use zero-knowledge proof technology to allow users to prove that they are independent and real humans without disclosing specific identity information. .

Decentralized Identity (DID): Through a decentralized identity framework, users can create and manage their own digital identities without relying on a central authority.

Multi-party signature and trust network: Trusted institutions can jointly verify user identities through multi-party signatures to form a trust network.

Advantages of PHCs

Privacy protection: users can verify authenticity without disclosing personal data , protecting digital privacy.

Enhance trust: By stopping the spread of false identities and deepfakes, PHCs can build a stronger foundation of trust in digital society.

Non-biometric dependence: The verification process of PHCs does not rely on biometric data, avoiding related privacy and security issues.

Promote the development of decentralized identity (DID) and platforms: PHCs can empower the Web3 decentralized social platform, allowing users to better control their personal identities and data.

Previously, there were Web3 projects in the industry that were trying to decentralize identity, such as Worldcoin launched by OpenAI co-founder Sam Altman in 2023, which attempted to Provides biometric-driven decentralized identity in an attempt to solve Sybil attacks and fake account issues.

However, the issue of iris collection and subsequent security issues of related private data are widely controversial, but its large-scale experiments show that users are interested in simple, decentralized identity. There is a strong need for verification methods.

Pic Source:The hardware device for Worldcoin

https://liamhorne.com/world-chain

Although PHCs show great potential, their deployment and implementation Still facing many challenges:

Security: Prevent the PHCs system from being abused or attacked, and ensure the security of data during transmission and storage.

Accessibility: Ensure all types of Users can easily obtain and use PHCs, especially those with lower technical levels or limited resources.

Standardization: unified technical standards need to be developed. Ensure interoperability and scalability

The possibility of combining AI with Web3

In a decentralized social platform, PHCs can be combined with blockchain technology. For example, when a user logs in to a dApp By verifying PHCs, the platform can confirm the authenticity of users without collecting any sensitive data. This will provide effective support for dealing with deep fake content and prevent the proliferation of malicious bot accounts.

PHCs can also be used in decentralized identity (DID) systems to form synergies with areas such as AI-generated content copyright management, anti-deep forgery, and community governance. For example, by binding PHCs, users can create synergies in the Web3 ecosystem Verify the authenticity of identity and ensure the fairness of governance decisions; the combination of NFT and PHCs can provide traceability and copyright protection for content created by AI.

Through the combination of AI and PHCs, a trust incentive mechanism can also be built in digital economic activities. For example, in a decentralized work platform, employers can confirm the authenticity of freelancers through PHCs and use AI to analyze matching The most suitable collaborator. This model will effectively reduce the risk of fraud and improve collaboration efficiency.

From trust crisis to trust reconstruction

The significance of PHCs is not only to solve the current trust crisis, but also to lay the foundation of trust for the digital society. PHCs are expected to serve as the basis for mutual recognition of digital identities internationally and reduce the risk of fraud in cross-border online activities. Through PHCs , humans can more effectively manage interactions with AI, thereby achieving the healthy development of human-machine collaboration

By combining the transparency and decentralization of blockchain. Characteristics, PHCs PHCs will not only have an impact on the technology and business fields, but will also trigger in-depth discussions on privacy, digital identity and technology ethics. Organizations need to work with the public to promote the development and implementation of PHCs to create a safer and more reliable future for the digital society.